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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mapo Tofu</span></h1>
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<p><b>Mapo Tofu</b>, auch <b>Mapo Doufu</b> (<a href="Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesisch</a>&nbsp;<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932623">
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</style><span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆豆腐</span>, <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Mápó Dòufǔ</span></i>, <a href="Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">W.-G.</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Mapo-Tofu</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdic_mapotofu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdic_mapotofu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leo_mapotofu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leo_mapotofu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ist ein Gericht aus der <a href="Chinesische_K%C3%BCche" title="Chinesische Küche">chinesischen Küche</a> der <a href="Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>-Region. Die Hauptzutaten sind <a href="Hackfleisch" title="Hackfleisch">Hackfleisch</a> und <a href="Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a>, gewürzt wird unter anderem mit fermentierten Bohnen, fermentierter Bohnenpaste und <a href="Szechuanpfeffer" title="Szechuanpfeffer">Szechuanpfeffer</a>.
</p><p>2018 wurde es bei der Wahl der bekanntesten Gerichten der Regionalküchen <a href="Volksrepublik_China" title="Volksrepublik China">Chinas</a> von der <i>China Cuisine Association</i> (CCA, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932629">
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</style><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">中国烹饪协会</span>) in die Top-10-Liste der <a href="Chinesische_Regionalk%C3%BCchen#Sichuan-Hunan-Küche" title="Chinesische Regionalküchen">Sichuan-Küche</a> aufgenommen.<sup id="cite_ref-paper_180913_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-paper_180913-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Eine vegetarische Variante des Gerichts ohne <a href="Hackfleisch" title="Hackfleisch">Gehacktes</a> wird häufig als <i>Mala Tofu</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻辣豆腐</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Málà Dòufǔ</span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„feurig scharfer Tofu“) bezeichnet.<sup id="cite_ref-Mala_Tofu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mala_Tofu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2></div>
<p><i>Mapo</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">mápó</span></i>, kurz für <span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻子婆婆</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">mázi pópo</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-zdic_mazi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdic_mazi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdic_popo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdic_popo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leo_popo_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leo_popo-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bedeutet im <a href="Chinesische_Sprachen" title="Chinesische Sprachen">Chinesischen</a> „pockennarbige alte Frau“. Der Name <i>Mapo Tofu</i> soll „Tofu nach Art der pockennarbigen alten Frau“ bedeuten.<sup id="cite_ref-grandsichuan_mapotofu_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandsichuan_mapotofu-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pixnet_mapotofu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pixnet_mapotofu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-teacher_mapotofu_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teacher_mapotofu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Überlieferung nach erfand 1874 eine pockennarbige Frau Chen (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈麻婆</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, in der <a href="Verwaltungsgliederung_der_Volksrepublik_China#Liste_der_Provinzen" title="Verwaltungsgliederung der Volksrepublik China">Provinzhauptstadt</a> von Sichuan, das Rezept. Sie war die Frau von Chen Chunfu (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈春富</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, Inhaber und Koch eines kleinen Restaurants namens <i>Chen-Xingsheng-Gasthaus</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈兴盛饭铺</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Daher wurde dieses Gericht zuerst unter dem Namen <i>Chen Mapo Tofu</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈麻婆豆腐</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wenweipo_061002_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wenweipo_061002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-difang_mapotofu_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-difang_mapotofu-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Während das Gericht bis nach 1900 heute zentrale Bestandteile vermissen ließ, finden sich erste schriftlich festgehaltene Belege des Rezeptes um 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> ist <i>Mapo Tofu</i> unter dem Namen <i>Mābōdōfu</i> (<a href="Japanische_Schrift" title="Japanische Schrift">jap.</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">マーボー豆腐</span> alias <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">マーボードーフ</span> alias <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">麻婆豆腐</span>, selten <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">マーボーどうふ</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-jisho_mabodofu_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jisho_mabodofu-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wadoku_mabodofu_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wadoku_mabodofu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> zu einem populären Gericht der <a href="Japanische_K%C3%BCche" title="Japanische Küche">japanischen Küche</a> avanciert.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zutaten">Zutaten</h2></div>
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</style><div class="thumb tright vl-mehrere-bilder" style="width:232px;"><div class="thumbinner"><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Mapo-Tofu</div></div><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Mildes hausgemachtes Mapo Tofu</div></div><div><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left">Mapo Tofu mit Reis</div></div>
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<p>Das Gericht wird heute in vielen Ländern Asiens in zahlreichen Variationen zubereitet. Die Hauptzutaten sind <a href="Hackfleisch" title="Hackfleisch">Hackfleisch</a> (im Originalrezept Hackfleisch vom <a href="Rindfleisch" title="Rindfleisch">Rind</a>) und <a href="Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a>, wobei die originale Sauce ursprünglich mit <i>Douchi</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">豆豉</span>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„fermentierte schwarze Bohnen“)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-soyinfo_douchi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soyinfo_douchi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fooddb.hk_blackbean_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fooddb.hk_blackbean-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_blackbean_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_blackbean-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <i>Doubanjiang</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">豆瓣酱</span>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„fermentierte Bohnenpaste“)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wccdaily_110529_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wccdaily_110529-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chinasichuanfood_120718_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinasichuanfood_120718-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-themalaproject_140610_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themalaproject_140610-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="Sojaso%C3%9Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sojasoße">Sojasoße</a> und <a href="Szechuanpfeffer" title="Szechuanpfeffer">Szechuanpfeffer</a> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">花椒</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">huājiāo</span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gernot_sichuanpfeffer_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gernot_sichuanpfeffer-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdic_huajiao_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdic_huajiao-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leo_sichuanpfeffer_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leo_sichuanpfeffer-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sehr scharf, in anderen Regionen dagegen etwas milder zubereitet wurde. Häufig wird sie mit <a href="St%C3%A4rke#Historische_Verfahren_der_Stärkeproduktion" title="Stärke">Stärke</a> eingedickt. Je nach Region haben weitere Zutaten wie beispielsweise <a href="Fr%C3%BChlingszwiebel" class="mw-redirect" title="Frühlingszwiebel">Frühlingszwiebeln</a>, <a href="Capsicum_frutescens" title="Capsicum frutescens">rote Peperoni</a> oder <a href="Spanischer_Pfeffer" title="Spanischer Pfeffer">Spanischer Pfeffer</a>, <a href="Knoblauch" title="Knoblauch">Knoblauch</a> und <a href="Sesam%C3%B6l" title="Sesamöl">Sesamöl</a> Eingang gefunden.<sup id="cite_ref-teacher_mapotofu_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teacher_mapotofu-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Da das verwendete Hackfleisch neben den Bohnen einen der zentralen Geschmacksträger des Gerichts darstellt, erfolgt bei <a href="Vegetarische_K%C3%BCche" title="Vegetarische Küche">vegetarischen</a> und <a href="Vegane_Ern%C3%A4hrung" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegane Ernährung">veganen</a> Abwandlung des Gerichts oft ein Ersatz des Hackfleischs anstelle des Weglassens. Neben vegetarischem Hack sind dies etwa verarbeitete <a href="Edamame" title="Edamame">Edamame</a> oder <a href="Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake-Pilze</a>.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2></div>
<p>Zahlreiche Quellen deuten auf die Verwurzelung des Gerichts in der chinesischen Küche einfacher Bevölkerung und Landarbeitern sowie dessen Zubereitung in <a href="Gark%C3%BCche" title="Garküche">Garküchen</a> aus den von Gästen mitgebrachten Zutaten hin, was als einer der historischen Gründe für die Vielfalt des Gerichts erachtet wird.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Zur Zeit der <a href="Kulturrevolution" title="Kulturrevolution">Kulturrevolution</a> (1966–1976) wurde der Namen des Gerichts zum <a href="Politik#Wortherkunft" title="Politik">Politikum</a>. Aufgrund der Bewegung zur Zerstörung der <a href="Vier_Alte" title="Vier Alte">Vier Alten (Werte)</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破四旧</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zdict_pojiu_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zdict_pojiu-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dacidian_pojiu_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dacidian_pojiu-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chengyu_pojiu_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chengyu_pojiu-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wurde der Name dieses bekannten Gerichts <i>Mapo doufu</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆豆腐</span>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Tofu nach Mapo-Art“) kurzerhand in <i>Mala doufu</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻辣豆腐</span>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„feurig scharfes Tofu“) geändert, um sich der gefährlichen politischen Situation unterzuordnen.<sup id="cite_ref-wenweipo_061002_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wenweipo_061002-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<p>Obige <a href="Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">Schriftzeichen</a> alle als <a href="Kurzzeichen" title="Kurzzeichen">Kurzzeichen</a>.
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<ol class="references" data-mw-group="Anm.">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mapo Tofu (<a href="Chinesische_Schrift" title="Chinesische Schrift">chinesisch</a>&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆豆腐</span>, <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Mápó Dòufǔ</span></i>, <a href="Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles">W.-G.</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Mapo-Tofu</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Maa<sup>4</sup>po<sup>4</sup> dau<sup>6</sup>fu<sup>6</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Tofu nach Art der pockennarbigen alten Frau“).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die „pockennarbige Frau Chen“ (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r184932626">
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</style><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">陳麻婆</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈麻婆</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Chén Mápó</span></i>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Ch’ên Ma-po</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Can<sup>4</sup> Maa<sup>4</sup>po<sup>4</sup></span></i>), umgangssprachlicher Rufname der Ehefrau des Gastwirts Chen Chunfu.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Der Gastwirt Chen Chunfu (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">陳春富</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈春富</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Chén Chūnfù</span></i>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Ch’ên Ch’un-fu</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Can<sup>4</sup> Ceon<sup>1</sup>fu<sup>3</sup></span></i>), Ehemann von „Chen Mapo – pockennarbige Frau Chen“.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Das Chen-Xingsheng-Gasthaus (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">陳興盛飯鋪</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈兴盛饭铺</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Chén Xīngshèng fànpù</span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Gaststätte Chen-Xingsheng“)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Bezeichnung „Chen Mapo Tofu“ (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">陳麻婆豆腐</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈麻婆豆腐</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Chén Mápó Dòufǔ</span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Tofu nach Art des pockennarbigen Frau Chen“) war der ursprüngliche Name, unter dem das Gericht erste Bekanntheit erlangte.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Das Gewürz <i>douchi</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">豆豉</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">dòuchǐ</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">dau<sup>6</sup>si<sup>6</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„fermentierte schwarze Bohnen“) wird aus fermentierten schwarzen <a href="Sojabohne" title="Sojabohne">Sojabohnen</a> hergestellt. In Japan kennt man es als <i>tōchi</i> (<a href="Japanische_Schrift" title="Japanische Schrift">jap.</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">豆豉</span>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Gewürzsauce <i>doubanjiang</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">豆瓣醬</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">豆瓣酱</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">dòubànjiàng</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">dau<sup>6</sup>baan<sup>6</sup>zoeng<sup>3</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„fermentierte Bohnenpaste“) ist eine würzig scharfe rötliche Bohnenpaste aus fermentierten Sojabohnen, <a href="Ackerbohne" title="Ackerbohne">Ackerbohnen</a>, Salz, Mehl und scharfen <a href="Paprika" title="Paprika">Chilischoten</a>. In Japan wird es <i>tōbanjan</i> (jap. <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">豆板醤</span>) genannt. Es gibt das gewöhnliche <i>doubanjiang</i> und das geschützte <i>doubanjiang</i> aus dem historischen <i><a href="Pidu" title="Pidu">Pixian</a></i> (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">郫縣</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">郫县</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Pí Xiàn</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Pei<sup>4</sup> Jyun<sup>4</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Kreis Pi“, heute <a href="Pidu" title="Pidu">Pidu</a>-Bezirk). Das traditionelle geschützte Herstellungsverfahren des bekannten <i>pixian doubanjiang</i> – „Pixian-Bohnenpaste“ – (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">郫縣豆瓣醬</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">郫县豆瓣酱</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">píxiàn dòubànjiàng</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">pei<sup>4</sup>jyun<sup>4</sup> dau<sup>6</sup>baan<sup>6</sup>zoeng<sup>3</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Bohnenpaste vom Kreis Pi“) gehört seit 2008 zum <a href="Liste_des_immateriellen_Kulturerbes_der_Volksrepublik_China" title="Liste des immateriellen Kulturerbes der Volksrepublik China">immateriellen Kulturerbe Chinas</a> (Gruppe Ⅷ–155; lfd. Nr. 938).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Der Szechuanpfeffer (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">花椒</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">huājiāo</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">faa<sup>1</sup>ziu<sup>1</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Blütenpfeffer“ alias <span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">川椒</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">chuānjiāo</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">cyun<sup>4</sup>ziu<sup>4</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Sichuanpfeffer“ alias <span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">山椒</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">shānjiāo</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">saan<sup>1</sup>ziu<sup>1</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„Bergpfeffer“).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Der politischer Kampfbegriff <i>Zerstöre die Vier Alten</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">破四舊</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破四旧</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">pò sìjiù</span></i>, <a href="Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a> <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">po<sup>3</sup> sei<sup>3</sup>gau<sup>6</sup></span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„zerstört die vier Alten“) zur Zeit der chinesischen Kulturrevolution. In diesem <a href="Kontext_(Sprachwissenschaft)" title="Kontext (Sprachwissenschaft)">Kontext</a> wird dabei oft das <a href="Chinesische_Sprichw%C3%B6rter" title="Chinesische Sprichwörter">chinesische Sprichwort</a> <i>pojiu lixin</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">破舊立新</span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破旧立新</span>, <i><span lang="zh-Latn" style="font-style:italic">pòjiù lìxīn</span></i>&nbsp;–&nbsp;„etwa: mit Alten brechen, um Neues zu erschaffen“) zitiert.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mapo_doufu?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Mapo Doufu</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern und Videos</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinasichuanfood.com/mapo-tofu-recipe/#recipe">Mapo-Tofu</a> nach chinesischer Art (englisch)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maangchi.com/recipe/mapadubu">Mapo-Tofu</a> nach koreanischer Art</li>
<li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
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.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703135217/http://www.nekobento.com/?page=mapotofu"><i>Mapo-Tofu nach japanischer Art.</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 3. Juli 2020 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-zdic_mapotofu-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zdic_mapotofu_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90"><i>Begriff „mapo doufu (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆豆腐</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>zdic.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch, deutsch, englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emapo+doufu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emapo+doufu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E5%25A9%2586%25E8%25B1%2586%25E8%2585%2590&amp;rft.language=zh de en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-leo_mapotofu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-leo_mapotofu_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dict.leo.org/chinesisch-deutsch/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90"><i>Begriff „mapo doufu (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻婆豆腐</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>dict.leo.org.</i> <a href="Leo.org" title="Leo.org">LEO GmbH</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, deutsch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emapo+doufu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emapo+doufu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdict.leo.org%2Fchinesisch-deutsch%2F%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E5%25A9%2586%25E8%25B1%2586%25E8%2585%2590&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5Bleo.org%7CLEO+GmbH%5D%5D&amp;rft.language=zh de">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-paper_180913-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-paper_180913_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_2437871"><i><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">中国菜”首次向世界发布:含34个菜系340道经典名菜</span> – „Zhongguocai – „Chinesische Küche“: Nach der Wahl gibt der kulinarische Verband CCA erstmals 340 klassische Gerichten der 34 Regionalküchen Chinas der Öffentlichkeit bekannt“.</i></a> In: <i>thepaper.cn.</i> The Paper – <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">澎湃新闻</span>, 13.&nbsp;September 2018,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch): „【<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">四川十大经典名菜</span>】<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">大千干烧鱼</span>, […], <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">宫保鸡丁</span>, <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">四川回锅肉</span>, […], <u><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">麻婆豆腐</span></u> […] – „Zehn bekanntesten klassische Gerichten der Sichuan-Küche“ – „trocken gegrillter Karpfen nach Daqian-Art“ <i>(Daqian ganshaoyu)</i>, […], „<a href="Kung_Pao_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung Pao Chicken">Kung Pao Chicken</a>“ alias „<i>Gongbao</i>-Hühnchen“ <i>(Gongbao jiding)</i>, […], „doppelt gekochtes Schweinefleisch nach Sichuan-Art“ <i>(Sichuan huiguorou)</i>, […], „<u>Mapo Tofu <i>(Mapo doufu)</i></u>“, […]“</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8F%9C%E2%80%9D%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%91%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AB34%E4%B8%AA%E8%8F%9C%E7%B3%BB340%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%90%8D%E8%8F%9C%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EZhongguocai+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EChinesische+K%C3%BCche%E2%80%9C%3A+Nach+der+Wahl+gibt+der+kulinarische+Verband+CCA+erstmals+340+klassische+Gerichten+der+34+Regionalk%C3%BCchen+Chinas+der+%C3%96ffentlichkeit+bekannt%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8F%9C%E2%80%9D%E9%A6%96%E6%AC%A1%E5%90%91%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%AB34%E4%B8%AA%E8%8F%9C%E7%B3%BB340%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%90%8D%E8%8F%9C%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EZhongguocai+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EChinesische+K%C3%BCche%E2%80%9C%3A+Nach+der+Wahl+gibt+der+kulinarische+Verband+CCA+erstmals+340+klassische+Gerichten+der+34+Regionalk%C3%BCchen+Chinas+der+%C3%96ffentlichkeit+bekannt%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_2437871&amp;rft.publisher=The+Paper+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.date=2018-09-13&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mala_Tofu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mala_Tofu_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">大***</span> – „da***“: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iask.sina.com.cn/b/4936683.html"><i><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">麻辣豆腐,麻婆豆腐,家常豆腐之间口味有什么区别?</span> – „Was ist der Unterschied zwischen Mala Tofu, Mapo Tofu, Tofu nach Hausmanns-Art?“</i></a> In: <i>iask.<a href="Sina.com" title="Sina.com">sina.com</a>.cn.</i> <a href="Sina_Corporation" title="Sina Corporation">Sina Corporation</a>, 2006,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E8%BE%A3%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%EF%BC%8C%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%B6%E5%B8%B8%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%B3%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%9F%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EWas+ist+der+Unterschied+zwischen+Mala+Tofu%2C+Mapo+Tofu%2C+Tofu+nach+Hausmanns-Art%3F%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E8%BE%A3%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%EF%BC%8C%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%EF%BC%8C%E5%AE%B6%E5%B8%B8%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%B3%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%EF%BC%9F%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EWas+ist+der+Unterschied+zwischen+Mala+Tofu%2C+Mapo+Tofu%2C+Tofu+nach+Hausmanns-Art%3F%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fiask.sina.com.cn%2Fb%2F4936683.html&amp;rft.creator=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E5%A4%A7%2A%2A%2A%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9Eda%2A%2A%2A%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BSina+Corporation%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-zdic_mazi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zdic_mazi_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E9%BA%BB%E5%AD%90"><i>Begriff „mazi (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻子</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>zdic.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch, deutsch, englisch, Der Begriff <i>mazi</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">麻子</span>) bedeutet etwa: Pockennarbe oder pockennarbige Person.).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emazi+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%AD%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Emazi+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%AD%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E5%25AD%2590&amp;rft.language=zh de en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-zdic_popo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zdic_popo_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86"><i>Begriff „popo (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">婆婆</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>zdic.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch, deutsch, englisch, persisch, Der Begriff <i>popo</i> (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">婆婆</span>) bedeutet etwa: ältere Frau. Der Begriff als Anrede wird regional sehr verschieden im Alltag genutzt. Im hochchinesischen Sprachregion bedeutet der Begriff allgemein: Schwiegermutter – die Mutter des Ehemanns, während in anderen chinesischen Regiolekten beispielsweise: Großmutter – die Mutter des Ehefraus, bedeuten kann.).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Epopo+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Epopo+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E5%25A9%2586%25E5%25A9%2586&amp;rft.language=zh de en fa">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-leo_popo-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-leo_popo_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dict.leo.org/chinesisch-deutsch/%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86"><i>Begriff „popo (<span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">婆婆</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>dict.leo.org.</i> <a href="Leo.org" title="Leo.org">LEO GmbH</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, deutsch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Epopo+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Epopo+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E5%A9%86%E5%A9%86%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdict.leo.org%2Fchinesisch-deutsch%2F%25E5%25A9%2586%25E5%25A9%2586&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5Bleo.org%7CLEO+GmbH%5D%5D&amp;rft.language=zh de">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-grandsichuan_mapotofu-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-grandsichuan_mapotofu_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317200757/http://www.grandsichuaneastern.com/story-behind-mapo-tofu/"><i>The Story behind Mapo Tofu.</i></a> In: <i>grandsichuaneastern.com.</i> Archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandsichuaneastern.com%2Fstory-behind-mapo-tofu%2F">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">17.&nbsp;März 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (englisch, Artikel – Die Geschichte hinter Mapo Tofu).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=The+Story+behind+Mapo+Tofu&amp;rft.description=The+Story+behind+Mapo+Tofu&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160317200757%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.grandsichuaneastern.com%2Fstory-behind-mapo-tofu%2F&amp;rft.source=http://www.grandsichuaneastern.com/story-behind-mapo-tofu/&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pixnet_mapotofu-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pixnet_mapotofu_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">朱振藩</span> – Zhu, Zhenfan: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094721/http://tfajang.pixnet.net/blog/post/24425431-%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87"><i><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">麻婆豆腐的傳奇</span> – „Die Legende zum Mapo Tofu“.</i></a> In: <i>tfajang.pixnet.net – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">痞客邦</span>.</i> 29.&nbsp;April 2009, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Ftfajang.pixnet.net%2Fblog%2Fpost%2F24425431-%26%2340635%3B%26%2323110%3B%26%2335910%3B%26%2333104%3B%26%2330340%3B%26%2320659%3B%26%2322855%3B">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">4.&nbsp;März 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (englisch, <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">歷史月刊 255期, 臺北</span> – „History Monthly“, Ausgabe 255, Taipei – Blogartikel zum Ursprung des Mapo Tofu als Auszug aus der monatlichen chinesischen Zeitschrift „Lìshǐ yuèkān (<span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">歷史月刊</span>)“ – etwa „Monatsschrift Historie“; Autorname mittels Pinyin-Umschrift erzeugt und muss nicht der amtliche Namensschreibung des Autors entsprechen).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+Legende+zum+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E7%9A%84%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+Legende+zum+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160304094721%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Ftfajang.pixnet.net%2Fblog%2Fpost%2F24425431-%25E9%25BA%25BB%25E5%25A9%2586%25E8%25B1%2586%25E8%2585%2590%25E7%259A%2584%25E5%2582%25B3%25E5%25A5%2587&amp;rft.creator=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E6%9C%B1%E6%8C%AF%E8%97%A9%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+Zhu%2C+Zhenfan&amp;rft.date=2009-04-29&amp;rft.source=http://tfajang.pixnet.net/blog/post/24425431-麻婆豆腐的傳奇&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-teacher_mapotofu-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-teacher_mapotofu_11-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-teacher_mapotofu_11-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160930082036/http://teacher.cmsh.cyc.edu.tw/~yesmydi/kuo3/kuo3c/kuo3c01.htm"><i><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">四川菜:麻婆豆腐</span> – „Sichuan-Küche: Mapo Tofu“.</i></a> <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">麻婆豆腐的由來</span> – „Der Ursprung des Mapo Tofu“. In: <i>teacher.cmsh.cyc.edu.tw.</i> Archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fteacher.cmsh.cyc.edu.tw%2F%7Eyesmydi%2Fkuo3%2Fkuo3c%2Fkuo3c01.htm">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">30.&nbsp;September 2016</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30.&nbsp;September 2016</span> (chinesisch, Geschichte und Rezept zum Mapo Tofu).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%8F%9C%EF%BC%9A%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9ESichuan-K%C3%BCche%3A+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%8F%9C%EF%BC%9A%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9ESichuan-K%C3%BCche%3A+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160930082036%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fteacher.cmsh.cyc.edu.tw%2F%7Eyesmydi%2Fkuo3%2Fkuo3c%2Fkuo3c01.htm&amp;rft.source=http://teacher.cmsh.cyc.edu.tw/~yesmydi/kuo3/kuo3c/kuo3c01.htm&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wenweipo_061002-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wenweipo_061002_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-wenweipo_061002_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">林晰</span> – LIN, Xi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080402045358/http://paper.wenweipo.com/2006/10/02/WY0610020001.htm"><i><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">「麻婆豆腐」改「麻辣豆腐」</span> – „Mapo Tofu“ geändert in „Mala Tofu“.</i></a> <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">我親身經歷的文革</span> – „Meine persönlich erlebte Kulturrevolution“. In: <i>paper.wenweipo.com.</i> Wen Wei Po – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">文匯報</span>, 2.&nbsp;Oktober 2006, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2006%2F10%2F02%2FWY0610020001.htm">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">2.&nbsp;April 2008</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, persönlicher Erfahrungsbericht des Autors LIN Xi und Augenzeuge zur Zeit der Kulturrevolution im <a href="Kommunismus" title="Kommunismus">kommunistischen</a> <a href="China" title="China">China</a> über die Änderung von Straßennamen und Gerichtnamen im Alltag. Aufgrund der Zugehörigkeit zum <a href="Konterrevolution" title="Konterrevolution">konterrevolutionären</a> <a href="Klassenfeind" title="Klassenfeind">Klassenfeind</a> – hier beispielhaft: Chen Chunfu und Chen Mapo als „Wirtshausinhaber“ und „<a href="Kapitalist" title="Kapitalist">Kapitalisten</a>“ mit deren bekanntes Sichuangericht <i>Mapu-Tofu</i> („Tofu nach Mapo-Art“, <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">麻婆豆腐</span>) in <i>Mala Tofu</i> („feurig scharfes Tofu“, <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">麻辣豆腐</span>) geändert […]): „[…] <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">「有麻婆豆腐嗎?」我問。「只有麻辣豆腐,今天改了名。」一位女服務員回答。事情的緣由是,那天上午飯店職工學習「文化大革命十六條」,有人就提出「陳麻婆是個資本家」,不能要這個招牌了,把它砸了當柴燒。當時也有人不太同意,但在革命的威力下,無人敢於堅持自己的意見。我當時很為這件事所感動,這不就是「破舊立新」嗎?及時地在現場趕寫了一篇短通訊,題目就叫《麻婆豆腐易名記》,第二天就在《人民日報》上見報了。</span> […]“</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E3%80%8C%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B9%E3%80%8C%E9%BA%BB%E8%BE%A3%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%80%8D%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EMapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C+ge%C3%A4ndert+in+%E2%80%9EMala+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E3%80%8C%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%80%8D%E6%94%B9%E3%80%8C%E9%BA%BB%E8%BE%A3%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%80%8D%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EMapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C+ge%C3%A4ndert+in+%E2%80%9EMala+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080402045358%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpaper.wenweipo.com%2F2006%2F10%2F02%2FWY0610020001.htm&amp;rft.creator=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E6%9E%97%E6%99%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+LIN%2C+Xi&amp;rft.publisher=Wen+Wei+Po+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%AF%E5%A0%B1%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.date=2006-10-02&amp;rft.source=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2006/10/02/WY0610020001.htm&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-difang_mapotofu-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-difang_mapotofu_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">粉粉粉粉笔小新</span> – „fenfenfenfenbixiaoxin“: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208162158/http://difang.kaiwind.com/chengdu/dfmssy/201412/17/t20141217_2179036.shtml"><i><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">陈麻婆豆腐的传奇之路</span> – „Die legendäre Entwicklung des Chen Mapo Tofu“.</i></a> In: <i>difang.kaiwind.com.</i> 14.&nbsp;Dezember 2014, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdifang.kaiwind.com%2Fchengdu%2Fdfmssy%2F201412%2F17%2Ft20141217_2179036.shtml">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">8.&nbsp;Dezember 2015</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch, Artikel zur Geschichte des Mapo Tofu).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%99%88%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+legend%C3%A4re+Entwicklung+des+Chen+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%99%88%E9%BA%BB%E5%A9%86%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%87%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+legend%C3%A4re+Entwicklung+des+Chen+Mapo+Tofu%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20151208162158%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fdifang.kaiwind.com%2Fchengdu%2Fdfmssy%2F201412%2F17%2Ft20141217_2179036.shtml&amp;rft.creator=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%B2%89%E7%B2%89%E7%B2%89%E7%B2%89%E7%AC%94%E5%B0%8F%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9Efenfenfenfenbixiaoxin%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.date=2014-12-14&amp;rft.source=http://difang.kaiwind.com/chengdu/dfmssy/201412/17/t20141217_2179036.shtml&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Chinese Cooking Demystified: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinesecookingdemystified.substack.com/p/the-first-mapo-tofu-recipe"><i>The First Mapo Tofu Recipe.</i></a> In: <i>Chinese Cooking Demystified Substack.</i> 8.&nbsp;Januar 2025,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 12.&nbsp;Januar 2025</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=The+First+Mapo+Tofu+Recipe&amp;rft.description=The+First+Mapo+Tofu+Recipe&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fchinesecookingdemystified.substack.com%2Fp%2Fthe-first-mapo-tofu-recipe&amp;rft.creator=Chinese+Cooking+Demystified&amp;rft.date=2025-01-08">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-jisho_mabodofu-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-jisho_mabodofu_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jisho.org/search/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90"><i>Begriff „mābōdōfu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">マーボー豆腐</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i>jisho.org.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (englisch, japanisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Em%C4%81b%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dfu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Em%C4%81b%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dfu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fjisho.org%2Fsearch%2F%25E3%2583%259E%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%259C%25E3%2583%25BC%25E8%25B1%2586%25E8%2585%2590&amp;rft.language=en ja">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wadoku_mabodofu-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wadoku_mabodofu_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wadoku.de/search/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90"><i>Begriff „mābōdōfu (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">マーボー豆腐</span>)“.</i></a> In: <i><a href="Wadoku" title="Wadoku">wadoku</a>.de.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (deutsch, japanisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Em%C4%81b%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dfu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Em%C4%81b%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dfu+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadoku.de%2Fsearch%2F%25E3%2583%259E%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%259C%25E3%2583%25BC%25E8%25B1%2586%25E8%2585%2590&amp;rft.language=de ja">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-soyinfo_douchi-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-soyinfo_douchi_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">William Shurtleff &amp; Akiko Aoyagi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soyinfocenter.com/pdf/150/FBS.pdf"><i>A History of Fermented Black Soybeans (165 B.C. to 2011) – <span lang="zh-Hani" class="Hani">豆豉</span>.</i></a> (<a href="PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>-Datei; 5,0&nbsp;MB) Extensively Annotated Bibliography And Sourcebook. In: <i>soyinfocenter.com.</i> Soyinfo Center, 2011,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=A+History+of+Fermented+Black+Soybeans+%28165+B.C.+to+2011%29+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E8%B1%89%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.description=A+History+of+Fermented+Black+Soybeans+%28165+B.C.+to+2011%29+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hani%22+class%3D%22Hani%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E8%B1%89%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fpdf%2F150%2FFBS.pdf&amp;rft.creator=William+Shurtleff+%26+Akiko+Aoyagi&amp;rft.publisher=Soyinfo+Center&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-fooddb.hk_blackbean-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-fooddb.hk_blackbean_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fooddb.com.hk/chi_fruit.php?id=5&amp;type=11"><i><span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">豆類</span> – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">黑豆</span> – Black soybean.</i></a> In: <i>fooddb.com.hk.</i> <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">香港餐務管理協會</span> – The Association for Hong Kong Catering Services Management,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, englisch, Schwarze Sojabohnen – black soybean – wiss.: Glycine max).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E9%A1%9E%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E9%BB%91%E8%B1%86%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+Black+soybean&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E9%A1%9E%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E9%BB%91%E8%B1%86%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+Black+soybean&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fooddb.com.hk%2Fchi_fruit.php%3Fid%3D5%26type%3D11&amp;rft.publisher=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%A4%90%E5%8B%99%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+The+Association+for+Hong+Kong+Catering+Services+Management&amp;rft.language=zh en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bbc_blackbean-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_blackbean_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/blackbean_sauce"><i>Black bean sauce recipes.</i></a> BBC Food. In: <i>bbc.co.uk.</i> <a href="BBC" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC">BBC</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (englisch, fermentierte schwarze Bohnen als Gewürz in der chinesischen Küche).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Black+bean+sauce+recipes&amp;rft.description=Black+bean+sauce+recipes&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Ffood%2Fblackbean_sauce&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BBBC%5D%5D&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-wccdaily_110529-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-wccdaily_110529_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510121718/http://www.wccdaily.com.cn/epaper/hxdsb/html/2011-05/29/content_331917.htm"><i><span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">郫县豆瓣传男不传女 陈家第七代传人接棒</span> – „Die Tradition zur Herstellung der Pxian-Bohnenpaste wird nur an männliche Nachfahren weitergegeben – Der Erbe der siebten Generation der Familie Chen übernimmt die Verantwortung“.</i></a> In: <i>wccdaily.com.cn.</i> <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">华西都市报</span> – West China City Daily, 29.&nbsp;Mai 2011, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wccdaily.com.cn%2Fepaper%2Fhxdsb%2Fhtml%2F2011-05%2F29%2Fcontent_331917.htm">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">10.&nbsp;Mai 2012</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%83%AB%E5%8E%BF%E8%B1%86%E7%93%A3%E4%BC%A0%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%B3+%E9%99%88%E5%AE%B6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%A0%E4%BA%BA%E6%8E%A5%E6%A3%92%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+Tradition+zur+Herstellung+der+Pxian-Bohnenpaste+wird+nur+an+m%C3%A4nnliche+Nachfahren+weitergegeben+%E2%80%93+Der+Erbe+der+siebten+Generation+der+Familie+Chen+%C3%BCbernimmt+die+Verantwortung%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%83%AB%E5%8E%BF%E8%B1%86%E7%93%A3%E4%BC%A0%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%B3+%E9%99%88%E5%AE%B6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%83%E4%BB%A3%E4%BC%A0%E4%BA%BA%E6%8E%A5%E6%A3%92%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EDie+Tradition+zur+Herstellung+der+Pxian-Bohnenpaste+wird+nur+an+m%C3%A4nnliche+Nachfahren+weitergegeben+%E2%80%93+Der+Erbe+der+siebten+Generation+der+Familie+Chen+%C3%BCbernimmt+die+Verantwortung%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120510121718%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.wccdaily.com.cn%2Fepaper%2Fhxdsb%2Fhtml%2F2011-05%2F29%2Fcontent_331917.htm&amp;rft.publisher=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E5%8D%8E%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%8A%A5%3C%2Fspan%3E+%E2%80%93+West+China+City+Daily&amp;rft.date=2011-05-29&amp;rft.source=http://www.wccdaily.com.cn/epaper/hxdsb/html/2011-05/29/content_331917.htm&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-chinasichuanfood_120718-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chinasichuanfood_120718_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinasichuanfood.com/doubanjiang/"><i>Doubanjiang | Broad Bean Paste (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">豆瓣酱</span>).</i></a> In: <i>chinasichuanfood.com.</i> China Sichuan Food, 18.&nbsp;Juli 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Doubanjiang+%7C+Broad+Bean+Paste+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E7%93%A3%E9%85%B1%3C%2Fspan%3E%29&amp;rft.description=Doubanjiang+%7C+Broad+Bean+Paste+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%B1%86%E7%93%A3%E9%85%B1%3C%2Fspan%3E%29&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinasichuanfood.com%2Fdoubanjiang%2F&amp;rft.publisher=China+Sichuan+Food&amp;rft.date=2012-07-18&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-themalaproject_140610-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-themalaproject_140610_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Taylor Holiday: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141203025715/http://themalaproject.com/pixian-chili-bean-paste-douban-jiang/"><i>Sourcing Pixian Douban Jiang (Chili Bean Paste).</i></a> Pixian Douban Jiang: The Soul of Sichuan Cuisine~~. In: <i>themalaproject.com.</i> The <i>Mala</i> Project – <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">麻辣</span>, 10.&nbsp;Juni 2014, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fthemalaproject.com%2Fpixian-chili-bean-paste-douban-jiang%2F">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">3.&nbsp;Dezember 2014</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Sourcing+Pixian+Douban+Jiang+%28Chili+Bean+Paste%29&amp;rft.description=Sourcing+Pixian+Douban+Jiang+%28Chili+Bean+Paste%29&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141203025715%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fthemalaproject.com%2Fpixian-chili-bean-paste-douban-jiang%2F&amp;rft.creator=Taylor+Holiday&amp;rft.publisher=The+%27%27Mala%27%27+Project+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E9%BA%BB%E8%BE%A3%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.date=2014-06-10&amp;rft.source=http://themalaproject.com/pixian-chili-bean-paste-douban-jiang/&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gernot_sichuanpfeffer-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gernot_sichuanpfeffer_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Gernot Katzer: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/germ/Zant_pip.html"><i>Sichuanpfeffer (Zanthoxylum piperitum, simulans, bungeanum, rhetsa, acanthopodium) und andere Arten.</i></a> In: <i>gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com.</i> Gernot Katzers Gewürzseiten,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (Sichuanpfeffer / Szechuanpfeffer: Synonyme und Bezeichnungen in verschiedene Sprachen).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Sichuanpfeffer+%28Zanthoxylum+piperitum%2C+simulans%2C+bungeanum%2C+rhetsa%2C+acanthopodium%29+und+andere+Arten&amp;rft.description=Sichuanpfeffer+%28Zanthoxylum+piperitum%2C+simulans%2C+bungeanum%2C+rhetsa%2C+acanthopodium%29+und+andere+Arten&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fgernot-katzers-spice-pages.com%2Fgerm%2FZant_pip.html&amp;rft.creator=Gernot+Katzer&amp;rft.publisher=Gernot+Katzers+Gew%C3%BCrzseiten">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-zdic_huajiao-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zdic_huajiao_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92"><i>Begriff „huajiao (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">花椒</span>)“ alias „Sichuanpfeffer“.</i></a> In: <i>zdic.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 2.&nbsp;Februar 2016</span> (chinesisch, deutsch, englisch, französisch, „huajiao (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">花椒</span>)“ bedeutet wörtlich „Blütenpfeffer“).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Ehuajiao+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C+alias+%E2%80%9ESichuanpfeffer%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Ehuajiao+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C+alias+%E2%80%9ESichuanpfeffer%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E8%258A%25B1%25E6%25A4%2592&amp;rft.language=zh de en fr">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-leo_sichuanpfeffer-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-leo_sichuanpfeffer_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dict.leo.org/chinesisch-deutsch/Sichuanpfeffer"><i>Begriff „huajiao (<span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">花椒</span>)“ alias „Sichuanpfeffer“.</i></a> In: <i>dict.<a href="Leo.org" title="Leo.org">leo.org</a>.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 19.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, deutsch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Begriff+%E2%80%9Ehuajiao+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C+alias+%E2%80%9ESichuanpfeffer%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Begriff+%E2%80%9Ehuajiao+%28%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E8%8A%B1%E6%A4%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%E2%80%9C+alias+%E2%80%9ESichuanpfeffer%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdict.leo.org%2Fchinesisch-deutsch%2FSichuanpfeffer&amp;rft.language=zh de">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Chinese Cooking Demystified: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uL_YQMkkbUg"><i>The Complete History of Mapo Tofu (probably).</i></a> 7.&nbsp;Januar 2025,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 12.&nbsp;Januar 2025</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=The+Complete+History+of+Mapo+Tofu+%28probably%29&amp;rft.description=The+Complete+History+of+Mapo+Tofu+%28probably%29&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuL_YQMkkbUg&amp;rft.creator=Chinese+Cooking+Demystified&amp;rft.date=2025-01-07">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-zdict_pojiu-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-zdict_pojiu_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0"><i>Sprichtwort „pojiu lixin – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">破舊立新</span> / <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破旧立新</span>“.</i></a> In: <i>zdic.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch, englisch, französisch, Das Sprichwort bedeutet sinngemäß etwa: sich mit überholten Tradition und Dinge brechen, um neue Werte und Innovationen zu schaffen.).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdic.net%2Fhans%2F%25E7%25A0%25B4%25E8%2588%258A%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%2596%25B0&amp;rft.language=zh en fr">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-dacidian_pojiu-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-dacidian_pojiu_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dacidian.18dao.net/zici/%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0"><i>Sprichtwort „pojiu lixin – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">破舊立新</span> / <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破旧立新</span>“.</i></a> In: <i>dacidian.18dao.net.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fdacidian.18dao.net%2Fzici%2F%25E7%25A0%25B4%25E8%2588%258A%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%2596%25B0&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-chengyu_pojiu-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-chengyu_pojiu_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chengyu.game2.tw/archives/32549"><i>Sprichtwort „pojiu lixin – <span lang="zh-Hant" class="Hant">破舊立新</span> / <span lang="zh-Hans" class="Hans">破旧立新</span>“.</i></a> In: <i>chengyu.game2.tw.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 20.&nbsp;Februar 2022</span> (chinesisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMapo+Tofu&amp;rft.title=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.description=Sprichtwort+%E2%80%9Epojiu+lixin+%E2%80%93+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hant%22+class%3D%22Hant%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E8%88%8A%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E+%2F+%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22+class%3D%22Hans%22%3E%E7%A0%B4%E6%97%A7%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%3C%2Fspan%3E%E2%80%9C&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fchengyu.game2.tw%2Farchives%2F32549&amp;rft.language=zh">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
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